Location and Landscape
The topography is characterized by undulating terrain with steep slopes, and the climate varies from temperate to sub-alpine, experiencing cold winters with occasional snowfall and moderate summers. The soil is loamy with good organic content, supporting diverse vegetation and agricultural productivity. Local communities in the region traditionally use mud hives for beekeeping, a practice that has been carried out for centuries. In addition, NGOs have introduced modern bee boxes and polyhouses to enhance agricultural productivity and promote pollinator conservation. These practices support sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation by maintaining healthy pollinator populations.
The region is characterized by a traditional agricultural system, particularly terrace farming, which has been practiced for generations. Major crops cultivated include finger millet (Eleusine coracana), barnyard millet (Echinochloa crus-galli), amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), and various pulses and vegetables. The surrounding forest ecosystem comprises mixed temperate forests dominated by oak (Quercus leucotrichophora), deodar (Cedrus deodara), blue pine (Pinus wallichiana), and rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum). Additionally, the region is home to van panchayats (community-managed forests), which play a crucial role in sustainable resource management through the Chowkidari method. This traditional community-led surveillance system involves rotational patrolling by villagers to safeguard agricultural fields, forests, and livestock from wildlife intrusion and theft. The Chowkidari system not only enhances community participation in resource management but also significantly contributes to reducing human-wildlife conflict in the region.
